Rekonstruksi Author Intended Meaning melalui Pendekatan Komunikatif berbasis Speech Act Theory bagi Studi Biblika

Yustinus Yustinus

Abstract


The current problem in biblical studies is a methodological crisis caused by modern hermeneutics that tends to eliminate the author's role, leading to interpretive relativism, while classical intentionalism remains overly focused on authorial psychology. However, no reconstructive model has yet integratively bridged these two poles within an applicable methodological framework. This study aims to offer a reconstruction of author intended meaning through a communicative approach based on Speech Act Theory. The method used is qualitative library research analyzing classical and modern hermeneutical literature. The findings show that critiques of classical intentionalism successfully correct author-centered models, but the complete elimination of the author's role risks relativism. The novelty lies in formulating three theoretical propositions that go beyond Hirsch's psychological model while avoiding Barthesian relativism: meaning as illocutionary act, the dialogical relationship between author, text, and reader, and methodological criteria for distinguishing meaning from significance. This model provides a middle path between textual objectivity and the dynamics of the modern reader, as seen in the exegesis of Amos 5:21-24 and Philemon 17-22. The study acknowledges limitations regarding apocalyptic texts, poetic genres

Abstrak

Permasalahan studi Biblika kini adalah krisis metodologis akibat pergeseran Hermeneutika modern yang cenderung menghapus peran author sehingga berpotensi melahirkan relativisme interpretasi, sementara pendekatan intentionalisme klasik dianggap terlalu berpusat pada psikologi pengarang. Namun, belum ada model rekonstruktif yang secara integratif menjembatani kedua kutub tersebut dalam kerangka metodologi studi Biblika yang aplikatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menawarkan rekonstruksi Author Intended Meaning melalui pendekatan komunikatif berbasis Speech Act Theory. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif kepustakaan dengan menganalisis literatur Hermeneutika klasik dan modern. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kritik terhadap intentionalisme klasik berhasil mengoreksi model yang terlalu berpusat pada author, tetapi penghapusan total peran author berisiko relativisme. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada formulasi tiga proposisi teoretis yang melampaui model psikologis Hirsch sekaligus menghindari relativisme ala Barthes, yaitu makna sebagai illocutionary act, relasi dialogis antara author, teks, dan pembaca, serta kriteria metodologis pembeda meaning dan significance. Implikasinya, model ini memberikan jalan tengah antara objektivitas teks dan dinamika pembaca modern, sebagaimana terlihat dalam eksegesis Amos 5:21-24 dan Filemon 17-22. Penelitian ini mengakui keterbatasan pada teks apokaliptik, genre puisi, serta sifat teoretisnya yang perlu diuji lebih lanjut.


Keywords


Author Intended Meaning, Biblical Studies, Modern Hermeneutics, Textual Meaning, Research Methodology

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.59177/jln.v5i2.518

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Alamat: Jln. Kyai Sono, No. 2, Kelurahan Genuk-Ungaran - Kabupaten Semarang, Prov. Jawa tengah

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